OUR JOURNEY : FROM NOTHING TO 1 MILLION YEARS (BIG BANG-3)

Asymmetric laws of physics made matter win over anti-matter(1*). Annihilation💥 stopped when thermal energy fell 🌡️ to rest mass energy of proton ; temperature being 10^13 K. The universe has expanded by a factor of 100 from the quark soup 🍲 era(3*). 

10^(-6) seconds after big bang

Hadron Epoch(2*):

Quarks combined to form hadrons and anti-hadrons. Somehow one of the hadrons managed to survive till the first second when this epoch ended. Theory predicts, about 1 neutron remained for every 7 protons. This ratio of 1:7 is still observable strengthening the theory.

About One second after big bang☄️

Neutrino Decoupling and Cosmic Neutrino Background(CNB) : 

Neutrinos which were till now in thermal equilibrium with protons , neutrons and electrons ceased interaction with other types of matter and influencing the dynamics of early universe.The🌡️ temperature of universe was about 10 billion kelvin.

Big Bang Cosmology also makes prediction about the neutrino environment called CNB. It says that about 1 sec after big bang the map of universe was imprinted with CNB. We haven't been able to detect it till now due to its extreme low energy📉

Primordial Black Holes :⚫

Due to high densities and inhomogeneities during the first second , some regions would have become sense enough to undergo gravitational collapse and form black holes. Current theories have many unanswered questions to this event.

First 10 seconds 

Lepton(2**) Epoch:

Similar to the hadron epoch , the leptons dominated📈 the mass of universe now. About 10 seconds after big bang , the leptons and anti-leptons annihilated each other leaving high energy photons.

Between 10 seconds and 370,000 years after the Big Bang

Photon(2***) Epoch : 

Photons now , interacting with charged particles , continued dominating the universe for a long time. 

Between 2 minutes and 20 minutes after big bang 

Nucleosythesis of light elements :

The temperature 🌡️ and pressure conditions are now right enough to allow nuclear fusion to occur giving rise to a few light elements beyond hydrogen.

About 25% of the protons with all the neutrons fuse to form deuterium and most of the deuterium quickly fuses to form helium-4. Other unstable elements were also formed.

The resulting matter is about 75% hydrogen nuclei, 25% helium nuclei, and 10−10 by mass of lithium-7.

                                     

47,000 years after Big Bang

                                       

Now the universe is matter dominated. The densities of ordinary matter and photons becomes equal to Jeans length - the length at which the structure formation by dominance of gravity can take place.

1 million years after Big Bang

Now the universe has sufficiently cooled down to form the first molecule - helium hydride. Much later on the timeline , atomic hydrogen and helium hydride reacted to form molecular hydrogen necessary for star⭐formation . The universe till now was opaque. If you could somehow travel back to that time, you will see nothing . The universe was blind !

 So, how we got from 0 visibility to pointing Hubble telescope in space ?

What do you think about this? Any ideas? let me know your guesses in the comments below.

We have now come too far , from the first microsecond to 1 million years. More interesting events ,   are yet to come. To all those who are reading this till last  ,  just take some time to appreciate the complex existence of our life structures.

(1*)- To know how matter won over anti-matter , check out my blogpost -

  BIG BANG(2)-ANTIMATTER        

(2*) (2**)  (2***)- 

Hadrons,leptons,photons are a part of particle physics. To know more check my blogpost -

WHAT THE HECK IS PARTICLE PHYSICS

(3*)-To know more check out my blogpost-

THE BEGINNING OF EVERYTHING - BIG BANG (1)